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Craniopharyngiomas constitute 1-3% of all brain tumours, and 5-10% in children, with a bimodal distribution favouring ages 5-14 years, and a second peak between ages 50-75 years. There is a higher incidence in Japan and parts of Africa. Craniopharyngiomas are epithelial tumours generally arising from the pituitary stalk. Other sites of origin include the sella turcica, optic system and third ventricle. There are frequently solid and cystic components, the latter containing cholesterol crystals. Craniopharyngiomas can be divided into two categories – adamantinomatous and papillary types, each with distinct histology and genetic alterations, although the prognostic significance of these types remains unclear. Treatment includes surgical resection and radiation therapy (RT) to treat and post-surgical residual disease. Prognosis depends largely on tumour resection, control and treatment-related complications arising from local and endocrine and local sequelae.
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